Hemalatha, N. C., S. B. Chandrakala, B. Sooryanarayana, and M. Vishu Kumar. “Restrained and Total Restrained Domination of Ladder Graphs”. Communications in Mathematics and Applications 14, no. 4 (December 25, 2023): 1311–1323. Accessed August 18, 2025. https://www.journals.rgnpublications.com/index.php/cma/article/view/2569.